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\begin{document}

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\begin{center}
\Huge

The \Point\ Text Editor \\
\vspace{.4in}
\Large
for the IBM PC \\
\vspace{.4in}
\LARGE
User's Guide and Tutorial \\
\vspace{.4in}
\LARGE
Version 2.00 \\

\vspace{3.5in}
\large
\copyright 1985-1988 \\
\Large
Charles Crowley \\
4913 Royene Avenue NE \\
Albuquerque, NM 87110 \\
505-265-1188 \\
\large
\vspace{.2in}
All Rights Reserved
\end{center}

\tableofcontents

\chapter{Introduction}

This User's  Guide describes  \Point, a  text editor  for the IBM PC (and
compatible computers),  with a mouse-based user interface and overlapped
windows.

Chapter  2   explains  \Point\   installation  and  the  contents  of  the
distribution diskette.

Chapter 3,  4, and  5 comprise  a tutorial  on the  use  of  the  major
features of \Point.

Chapter 6 is a quick reference to  \Point\ features.

The \Point\  Reference Manual  provides a  complete reference to \Point\ and
describes a  number of  features that  are not  mentioned in this User's
Guide.

This User's  Guide will describe the behavior of \Point\ using the default
options in the distributed \ff{pt.ini} file.  When you become more familiar
with \Point\  and its  commands, you  can try  the other  \ff{.ini} files and
modify them  to create  the user interface that is most suitable to your
style of  editing.   Information  and examples on modifying \ff{.ini} files
can be found in the \Point\ Reference Manual.

\section{Notation}

I have used different type styles to indicate special names and string.
Anything that is typed to DOS, to \Point, or into a file (like \ff{pt.ini})
will be in a constant width {\tt typewriter font}.
Text that appears on the PC screen when using \Point\ is also
set in {\tt typewriter font}.
Keys on the PC keyboard are set in {\sc small caps}.
\Point\ commands are set in {\ss sans serif font}.

\section{Terminology}

The terms  \key{Enter} key and \key{Return} key
will both be used in this manual to
mean the  same key,  that is,  the key  usually labelled  ``Enter'' on  PC
keyboards, and that sends an ASCII carriage return character.

\chapter{Point Installation}

\section{Hardware and Software Requirements}

\begin{itemize}
	\item IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible
	\item A mouse
	\item 256K of memory (\Point\ uses about 190K)
	\item PC/DOS 2.x or 3.x
\end{itemize}

\section{System Configuration}

\subsection{Mouse driver}

\Point\ requires  a Microsoft-compatible  mouse  driver  to  be  installed
before \Point\  is started.   Almost all mice come with such drivers, and
they are  often called:  \ff{mouse.com} (to install the mouse driver with
a DOS  command) and  \ff{mouse.sys} (to  install the  mouse driver  during
system initialization  as a  DOS device  driver).   See the instructions
that came with your mouse.

\subsection{File handles}

If you want to edit several files at the same time, you must be sure you
have enough  file handles.
Put the following line in the \verb+\config.sys+ file:

\begin{verbatim}
     FILES=30
\end{verbatim}

This will provide 30 file handles --- enough for most purposes --- instead
of the  default of  8.   Because the  resident part  of DOS is increased
about 40  bytes for each file handle over 8, little space is used to add
extra file handles.

\section{Files On the Diskette}

The following files are on the distribution diskette:

\begin{enumerate}
	\item \ff{pt.exe}
	\item \ff{pt.msg}
	\item \ff{pt.hlp}
	\item \ff{pt.ini}
	\item \ff{ptcolor.ini}
	\item \ff{ptexpert.ini}
	\item \ff{ptdemo.c}
	\item \ff{ptread.me}
\end{enumerate}

The file  \ff{pt.exe} is  the editor  itself.   The file  \ff{pt.ini} is  also
required to run the editor.

The file  \ff{pt.msg} contains  a one  line description  for each  command,
which \Point\ will display when the command is selected.

The file  \ff{pt.hlp} is  an extensive help file with command summaries and
detailed descriptions of all the editor commands.

The file  \ff{pt.ini} is the initialization file and is required because it
contains the  contents of  the menus.   Several  other \ff{.ini}  files are
provided as examples.

If you  have a  color monitor,  copy \ff{ptcolor.ini}  to  \ff{pt.ini},  since
\ff{pt.ini} is  set up  for monochrome  monitors (including black and white
monitors running  with the color card).  The \ff{ptexpert.ini} file will be
described later.

The file \ff{ptdemo.c} is a test file to be used with the \Point\ tutorial.

The file  \ff{ptread.me} contains  current information that was unavailable
when the  \Point\  User's  Guide  and  the  \Point\  Reference  Manual  were
prepared.

\section{Hard Disk and \ff{PATH} Information}

The files  \ff{pt.exe} and \ff{pt.ini} must be in either the current directory
or in a directory in your \ff{PATH}.
It is useful to have the files \ff{pt.msg} and \ff{pt.hlp} in
the current  directory or  a \ff{PATH} directory also,
since  they  contain  helpful
information that  will be  accessed and  displayed   while you are using
\Point.

\chapter{Point Basics}

This and  the next  two sections  are a  tutorial covering  most of  the
features  of  \Point.    We  will  not  describe  every  feature  or  all
variations of each feature.  The \Point\ Reference Manual contains further
descriptions and  complete information  on all  \Point\ features and their
variations.

In addition,  after you  have become  familiar with \Point, look over the
suggestions in  Appendix A  of the  \Point\ Reference Manual (``\Point\ Usage
Hints'') for  tips on  more effective use of \Point.  Usage hints are also
included after  many of  the command descriptions in the \Point\ Reference
Manual.

\section{Starting and Exiting Point}

\subsection{\ff{PATH}}

The file \ff{pt.exe} must be in either the current directory or a directory
in your \ff{PATH}.   If you  have a  monochrome display, put the distributed
\ff{pt.ini} file  in either the current directory or the \ff{PATH}.
If you have a color  display, copy  \ff{ptcolor.ini} to
\ff{pt.ini},\footnote{The only difference between \ff{pt.ini}
and \ff{ptcolor.ini}
is that \ff{pt.ini} has the three color setting lines commented out and so it
uses the default colors which are set for a monochrome display.}
and  put it  in  the current directory  or the  \ff{PATH}.
Do not  use \ff{ptexpert.ini}  for  this
tutorial since  it will  change the way \Point\ looks and acts.
The \Point\ Reference Manual describes how to customize
the menus to your own taste.

\subsection{Help}

It is  useful to  have the  files \ff{pt.msg}  and \ff{pt.hlp}  in either  the
current directory or the \ff{PATH}.  This enables you to access the help file
while editing.

\subsection{Starting Point}

Start \Point\  with \ff{pt} followed by the name of the file to be edited.  A
sample file is provided with the editor:

\begin{verbatim}
     pt ptdemo.c
\end{verbatim}

\subsection{Exiting Point}

To exit  the editor  use the  \key{Alt-q} key.  You will be asked about saving
edited files; answer ``{\tt y}'' or ``{\tt n}'' to each question.

\section{Parts of the Screen}

When \Point\  starts, it  displays a  fixed line of menu and command names
across the  top line  of the screen, and a window containing the file to
be edited on the rest of the screen.

\subsection{Top line}

The top  line contains the names of \Point\ command menus (in upper case).
To call  up a  menu, press the left mouse button on the menu name.  Also
on the  top line  are several  \Point\ commands.   These  commands can  be
executed by clicking the left mouse button on the command name.

\subsection{Banner line}

The top  line of  each window  is the  banner line  of the  window.   It
contains the name of the file and the line and column ranges   currently
displayed in the window.

\subsection{Elevator}

The left border of the window contains the ``elevator'', which is that
portion of the border that is colored differently (or has different
video attributes).  The elevator indicates both the position of the
window in the file (proximity to the top of the border represents
proximity to the beginning of the file), and how much of the file is
displayed in the window (the amount of border occupied by the elevator
represents the amount of the file displayed in the window).

\section{Display Interference On Color Monitors}

If you have an older color graphics adapter, redrawing the screen may
cause display  interference colloquially called ``snow''.
The display interference shows up as white streaks on the display.
Press \key{PgDn} and \key{PgUp} to test for display interference.

If display  interference appears, reset the \option{videoMode}
option of \Point.
To do  this, position  the mouse cursor on the word \menu{OTHERS} on the top
line of  the screen.  While holding down the left mouse button, move the
mouse so  that the line \menu{videoMode = 0} is highlighted,
(it is the bottom item on the menu) and then release
the button.   The bottom line of the screen will prompt for a new value.
Type \ptin{2} and press the \key{Enter} key.

Try \key{PgDn}  and \key{PgUp} again.
If interference still appears on the left
side of  the screen,  you  can  eliminate  it  by  repeating  the  above
procedure but  giving \option{videoMode}  a value  of \ptin{3}.
The value \ptin{3} will cause screen updating to be slower
than when the value is \ptin{2}.
If there is no  video snow  at all,  leave \option{videoMode}
at \ptin{0}  since  this  will provide the fastest screen updating.

\section{Getting On-line Help}

\subsection{Command information messages}

When you  point at a name on the top line or select an item from a menu,
\Point\ will  display a  one line explanation of the command on the bottom
line of the screen.

\subsection{The help menu}

A help  system with  screens describing  every command is available on-line,
and  can be  accessed by typing \key{Alt-h}, by clicking on ``Help'' on the
top line.
The first help screen to
appear will  be  the  screen  describing  the  last  \Point\  command  you
highlighted, either  from the  top line  or from a pull-down menu.  From
this screen  you can  return to  \Point\ immediately or to help screens on
other commands.

\subsection{Help system commands}

To exit  the help  system, click  the middle mouse button (or both mouse
buttons), or  press the space bar,
the \key{Escape} key or the \key{Enter} key.
The
\key{PgDn} key  (or the right mouse button) moves you to the next help screen,
and the  \key{PgUp} key  (or the left mouse button) moves you to the last help
screen you  looked at.   If there are no more related help screens, then
the \key{PgDn}  key will  move you back to the main help menu.  From this menu
you can access any of the help screens.

Some screens allow you to press a letter that will take you to a related
help screen.

You can  continue to  move around  the help screens as long as you like.
Clicking the middle mouse button or typing the \key{space bar},
the \key{Enter key}, or the \key{Escape} key will return you to editing.

\section{Moving the Window Around the File}

\subsection{Point windows}

\Point\ allows  you to edit several files at the same time by putting each
file in  a window.   A  window is  a part  of the screen surrounded by a
single or double line border.  The top border contains information about
the file in the window and the inside of the window contains the text in
the file.   Except for small files, the window can only show part of the
text in the file.

\Point\ provides many commands for manipulating the contents of the window
and the size and location of the window on the screen.

\subsection{Scrolling with keys}

A window  shows a  part of the text in the file.
The \key{PgUp} and \key{PgDn} keys scroll the  window up  and down.
The \key{Ctrl-PgUp} key moves the window to the beginning  of the  file
and the \key{Ctrl-PgDn} key moves it to the end of the file.

Try these commands.

\subsection{Scrolling with the mouse}

You can also scroll the window with the mouse.  Move the mouse cursor to
the left  border of  the window.  Click the right mouse button to scroll
down and  the left mouse button to scroll up.  The farther down the left
border you  place the  mouse cursor,  the more  lines  the  window  will
scroll.  More precisely, in a scroll down (right mouse button), the line
the mouse cursor is beside will become the top line of the window.  In a
scroll up  (left mouse  button), the top line will move down to the line
at which the mouse cursor is positioned.

If you press and hold down a mouse button that scrolls, \Point\
will (after a short delay so that it will not be too touchy) begin
scrolling continuous as quickly as it can scroll.
You can change the effective continuous scrolling rate by changing
the number of lines it scrolls each time.
That is, if you are at the first line of the window the scrolling
rate will be fairly slow but if you are near the bottom of the scroll
bar, the scrolling will be by screenful and will go very fast.

Try scrolling with the mouse and notice the changing line numbers on the
window banner, and the elevator moving up or down the left border of the
window.

\subsection{Thumbing}

Thumbing will move the window to any part of the file.  Imagine that the
left border  of the  window (not  including the  corners of  the window)
represents the  whole file.   Moving the mouse cursor to the left border
and pressing  the middle  button will  move the  elevator to  the cursor
position.   To look  toward the end of the file, for example, thumb near
the bottom of the left window border.

\subsection{Window corners}

Do not  try to  scroll or  thumb on the upper left and lower left window
corners since  this invokes different commands (which we will look at in
chapter 5).

\subsection{Two-button mouse}

If you  have a  two-button mouse,  pressing both buttons at once
will have the same effect as pressing the middle button
on a three-button mouse.

\section{Using Menus}

Commands can be invoked by using the command menus listed across the top
line of the screen.

Try executing  a command  from a  menu.   Position the  mouse cursor  on
\menu{MOVE} at the top line of the screen, and press and hold down the left
mouse button.   Move  the cursor down the menu until the desired command
is highlighted.   Release  the mouse button, and the highlighted command
will be  invoked.   Release outside  of  the  menu  to  dismiss  without
executing the command.

\section{Horizontal Scrolling}

The bottom border of a window is used to scroll horizontally in much the
same way that the left border is used to scroll vertically.

Try scrolling  horizontally by  clicking the  left, and  then the right,
mouse button  on the  bottom border  of the window.  Watch the \menu{columns}
indicator on  the banner  line to see the effect of this scrolling.  You
can also  thumb horizontally  by pressing the middle mouse button at any
point along the bottom border.

\section{Selecting Text}

\subsection{Selecting characters}

Many text  editing commands  act on  sections of text in the window.  In
\Point, to  indicate which text you wish to work with, you select it.  A
single character is selected by pointing at it with the mouse cursor and
clicking the  left mouse  button.  By pressing the left mouse button and
holding it  down while  moving the  mouse, you  can select any number of
characters.

If you move to the bottom border of the window while extending the section,
the window will scroll continuously until you release the button or
move the mouse back inside the window.
A similar thing happens when you move the mouse cursor to the top border
of the window while extending the selection.
This is one way to select beyond the end of the window.
Another way is described in section~\ref{extendingSelection} below.

Try selecting a character and extending the selection in both
directions.

\subsection{Selecting the wrong thing}

After text  is selected, nothing will happen until you execute a command
(delete, move, copy, search, etc.).  So if you select the wrong text, or
too much  or too  little, just  start the  selection over  and then tell
\Point\ what you want to do with the text.

\subsection{End-of-line character}

At the end of each line is a character that is displayed as a blank.  It
is visible  only when  it is  part of a selection.  This is the ``end-of-
line'' character,  and it  represents the  carriage return  or \key{Enter} key
typed to end each line.

Try selecting over several lines to see the end-of-line character.

\subsection{Extending the selection}

\label{extendingSelection}
Once you  have selected  some text,  you can  extend  the  selection  by
positioning the  cursor on  a character beyond your selection (in either
direction), and clicking the right mouse button.  You can also hold down
the right mouse button and move the mouse while selecting, releasing the
button when you want to stop selecting.

Try extending  a selection.   Notice  that you  can make  the  selection
larger or smaller with the right mouse button.

\subsection{Selecting by words and lines}

So far you have been selecting text by single characters.
If you click twice rapidly (``double click'') on any
character in a word, you select the word you are pointing at.
Experiment with this and see how ``word'' is defined in this context.
Triple clicking on a line will select the line.

When you  extend a  selection it extends by characters, words, or lines,
depending on how it was originally selected.  You can also hold down the
mouse button on the last click to extend the selection.

\subsection{Moving the selection with keystrokes}

The arrow keys move the selection one character in the expected direction.
The \key{Ctrl-left} and \key{Ctrl-right} move the selection one word
(blank delimited) left or right.
The \key{Home} key moves the selection to the first (non-blank)
character of the line.
The \key{End} key moves the selection to the last character of the line.

\subsection{\Point\ without a mouse}
The keys described in the previous section work a little differently
when there is no mouse present.
In this case, they only move the mouse cursor and not the selection.
They can be used to move the mosue cursor to the window edges,
outside a window and to the top line.

The \key{Gray+} key simulates the clicking of the left mouse button.
The \key{Gray-} key simulates the clicking of the right mouse button.
These keys can be used to make selections, scroll (on the window edges),
selection top line menus and commands and select files in
the file selection screen.

\section{Typing in New Text}

\subsection{Inserting characters}

Typed characters  are inserted into the text as you type, immediately in
front of  the first  character of  the selection,  and  do  not  replace
existing text.
(There is an \option{overType} mode in \Point, in which text is
typed over  and replaces existing text.
We will look at this in section~\ref{overType} on page~\pageref{overType}.)

\subsection{The insertion point}

Text is inserted at the {\em insertion point}, that is, immediately before the
first character of the selection.

\subsection{Inserting lines}

To insert  a new  line while  typing,  press  the  \key{Enter} key  (carriage
return).   To start  with a  blank line, select the end (the end-of-line
character) of  the preceding  line and  press the  \key{Enter} key.    It  is
particularly easy  to select  the end-of-line  character since  you  can
click on the line anywhere to the right of the last visible character on
the line.

\section{ Deleting and Inserting Text}

\subsection{Deleting text}

To delete a piece of text, begin by selecting it.  Then issue the delete
command and  it will be deleted.  The delete command is invoked with the
\key{Del} key or with the \key{F1} key.

Try selecting and deleting some text.

\subsection{Deleting the end-of-line}

If you  select and  delete the  end-of-line character you will join that
line and  the next  line into  a single  line.
\Point\ will {\em not} insert a
space between the lines that are joined.

\subsection{Inserting deleted text}

The most  recently deleted  text is saved in the scrap.  The contents of
the scrap  can be  inserted in  the text  with the  \ptcom{Insert From  Scrap}
command.  Select the insertion point and then invoke \ptcom{Insert from Scrap}
by pressing the \key{Ins} key or the \key{F2} key.

\subsection{The insertion point}

The text is inserted at the same place as new text, that is,
immediately in front of the first character of the selection.
This is called the {\em insertion point}.

\subsection{Multiple insertions}

Inserting text  does not  change the  contents of  the scrap  so you can
insert the same text several times.  To make five copies of a line:

\begin{enumerate}
	\item Select the line (triple click on the line)
	\item Delete the line (\key{Del} key)
	\item Insert it five times (\key{Ins} key five times)
\end{enumerate}

\noindent Notice that the insertion point is always at
the end of the inserted text.

\subsection{Move and copy}

Using delete and  insert is  one way
(there are several others---see Chapter 4)
to move  text in  \Point.
Text can be copied (i.e., duplicated) with the
following sequence of delete and insert commands:

\begin{enumerate}
	\item Select the text to copy
	\item Delete it (\key{Del} or \key{F1}) \\
		(This puts the selection into the scrap.)
	\item Insert it (\key{Ins} or \key{F2}) \\
		(This puts the selection back into its original position.)
	\item Move the cursor to place to which you want to copy the text
	\item Insert the text (\key{Ins} or \key{F2})
\end{enumerate}

\section{Undoing and Redoing Edits}

\subsection{Undo}

The \ptcom{Undo  Last Edit} command undoes the effect of the last edit.
It is invoked from the \menu{EDIT} menu or with the \key{F9} key.

Try deleting  some text  and undoing  it.   Now try  inserting text  and
undoing it.  Now select a word, delete it, and type in a different word.
Now undo  that.  Note that the delete and insert are considered a single
action and are undone as a unit.

\subsection{Undoing an undo}

Try undoing  a delete and then undo again.  The undo undoes the previous
undo.   This allows  you to  switch between  two versions  of  text  and
compare them.   You  can undo  any number  of times,  and keep switching
between the two versions.

\subsection{Undoing several edits}

To undo  several (or  many) edits,  use a variation on undo called
\ptcom{Undo Multiple}, which  can be  invoked either  from the
\menu{EDIT} menu or with \key{Shift-F9}.
This undoes the action in such a way that the undo cannot be undone.
Thus a  second \ptcom{Undo Multiple} will undo a previous edit.
You can undo up to 50 previous edits.

\subsection{Redo}

Now select  a word,  delete it,  and type  in a new word.  Then select a
second word  and invoke  the \ptcom{Redo  Last Edit}  command from the
\menu{EDIT} menu or  with the \key{F8} key.
Notice that the second word you selected and
deleted is replaced with the same word that replaced the first.

In general,  redo does  the last edit over again.  Try redo with inserts
and type-in.

\chapter{Copying and Searching}

\section{Copying Text}

Copying text,  leaving the  original selection  intact,  is  a  frequent
editing operation.   We  have already  seen one  way to  copy text  with
delete and  insert.   There are  two other  ways to  copy text  that are
usually more convenient than delete and insert.

\subsection{Copy}

First, select  the text to be copied.  Then move the mouse cursor to the
place where  you want the text copied.  Finally, hold down the \key{Shift} key
and click  the left  mouse button.   The text will be copied in front of
the cursor when you release the left mouse button.

After selecting the text to be copied, you can scroll or jump the window
before you  copy the text.  The selection does not have to be visible at
the time it is copied.

\subsection{Duplicate}

The copy command requires you to select the text you want to copy before
you select  the place  where you want it copied.  If the insertion point
is already  where you  want the  text to  be copied,  you will  lose its
position while  selecting the text, and will have to find it again after
you make  your selection.  In this case it would be easier to tell \Point\
where you  want to  copy the  text first, and then select the text to be
copied.  \Point\ provides this facility with the duplicate command.

To duplicate  text, set  the insertion  point where you want to insert a
duplicate copy  of the text.  This is done by selecting the character in
front of  which you want to insert text.  Then go into duplicate mode by
pressing \key{F4}.  Next select the text to be duplicated.  (You can scroll or
jump the window.)  Pressing \key{F4} again will complete the duplication.

The advantage  of duplicate  is that you do not lose the insertion point
when copying text.

Any of  the three  methods of  copying --  delete and  insert, copy,  or
duplicate --  can be used to copy text between windows as well as within
a window.  We will see how to use several windows in Chapter 5.

\section{Moving Text}

When text  is moved,  the selected  text does not remain in its original
position, as  it does  when copied.   There are three methods for moving
text that correspond to the three methods for copying text.

Delete and insert is a method we have already seen.

Move, in  which you  select text  first and  then choose  the  insertion
point, corresponds  to copy.   To  invoke move,  hold down  the \key{Ctrl} key
(instead of the \key{Shift} key for copy) and click the left mouse button.

Extract, in  which you  choose the insertion point first and then select
text, corresponds  to duplicate.
Press  \key{F5} (instead  of \key{F4})  to  enter extract mode.
Press  it again  to complete  the  extraction  (and  end extract mode).

Try all three variations of move and copy.

\section{Choosing a Copying Method}

Copying names and strings means that they will be spelled consistently.
In addition to being more accurate,
it is usually faster to copy than to type.

Each of  the methods  for copying  and moving text is most convenient in
different situations.

The delete  and insert  method is  most useful  when you  want  to  make
several copies of the same text selection.

The duplicate  command is most useful for copying small sections of text
that are  visible in  the window.  For example, a programmer typing in a
statement may  need a  long identifier  name that is already on the line
above.   At the  point where  the identifier is needed, press \key{F4}, select
the identifier  name (double  click), and  press  \key{F4}  again.    The  new
insertion point will be after the inserted identifier, and typing can be
resumed.   It is  possible to  use this method to build up a line out of
pieces of other nearby lines.

The copy  command is most useful for larger copies, and is more natural
for many people.

\section{Searching for Strings}

\Point\ has  been set  up to  make searching for strings convenient, fast,
and accurate.

\subsection{Starting a search}

A search  for a  string will start at the current selection and continue
to the  end of  the file.
Invoke  the \ptcom{Search for String} command on the \menu{SEARCH} menu
or with \key{Shift-F6}.

\subsection{Entering the search string}

When you  invoke search,  you are prompted for the string to be searched
for.   Type it  in, ending  with the \key{Enter} key.  If the string is found,
the window  will be  moved (if  necessary) and the string that was found
will be  selected.   Search ignores  the case  of letters  (this can  be
changed).

Try searching for a string.

\Point\ also allows searching for regular expressions.
See the \Point\ Reference Manual.

\subsection{Default search strings}

When \Point\ requests a search string it will automatically enter the last
string you  searched for  as a  default string.   If  you press only the
\key{Enter} key,  you accept  the default  string, but  if you  type any other
character, the default string is erased and the typed-in string is used.

Try searching  for a string again and accept the default string.  Try it
yet again, but this time type a new string over the default.

\subsection{Accepting defaults with the mouse}

You can  also use  the mouse  to accept  the default  search string.  In
general, the  left mouse button acts like the Enter key, and can be used
to accept  the default  string or terminate any string.  The right mouse
button causes the selection to be copied into the string.

Try this in another search.

\section{Searching for the Selection}

To search  for the  next occurrence  of a  string that is already
selected, \Point\  provides the command, \ptcom{Search For Selection}.
Select the
string to  be searched  for, and  then issue the \ptcom{Search For Selection}
command from the \menu{SEARCH} menu or with \key{F6}.
In section \ref{windowSearch} (on page \pageref{windowSearch})
we  will see a powerful use of this command in searching
for a string in another window.

A variation  of \ptcom{Search for Selection}
is called  \ptcom{Search  Backwards}.
This causes  \Point\ to  search backwards  (towards the  beginning of  the
file) for the selected string.
The \ptcom{Search Backwards} can be invoked
from  the \menu{SEARCH} menu, with the \key{Alt-F6} key, or
with the \key{Ctrl-F6}\footnote{Whenever
we use \key{Ctrl-} or \key{Alt-} of a function key,
we define both to be the same command.  This avoids having to remember
which one it is.}
key.

\section{Search Options}

\Point\ has  a number of options that affect the way it acts; two of these
apply to searching.

\subsection{Changing options}

First, we  will see  how to  change these options.
Options are set from most of the menus.
A menu shows the option and its current setting.
The true/false  options are  changed by  selecting them  and
releasing the  left mouse button; they automatically switch from true to
false or  false to  true.   Other options  require a string or a number.
When you  select these  options (and  release the left mouse button) you
are prompted for a new value for the option.

Press the left mouse button on the word ``EDIT'' on the top line.
While holding down the left mouse button move to the first item
on the menu ``Second EDIT Menu'' and release the mouse button.
This displays the second EDIT menu.
The bottom section of the second EDIT menu contains several options.
Select an option to change by clicking on it with the left mouse button.

Practice changing  option settings by changing \option{autoIndent} to false and
\option{tabWidth} to \ptin{10}.
(Chapter 4  of the \Point\ Reference Manual describes what these options do.)

\subsection{Case sensitivity}

The first search related option is \option{ignoreCase} which determines whether
case is significant in searching for a string.
This option is found on the \menu{SEARCH} menu.

Experiment with \option{ignoreCase} being true and false and see how it affects
the searches.

\subsection{Search direction}

The second search related option is \option{searchMode}
which can have three values: \ptin{0}, \ptin{1}, and \ptin{2}.
If \ptin{searchMode=0}, then the search proceeds from the
selection to  the end of the file.  If \ptin{searchMode=1},
the search proceeds
from the  selection, backwards,  to the  beginning  of  the  file.
If \ptin{searchMode=2}, the search proceeds from the selection to the end
of the file and then from the beginning of the file to the selection.
That is, the search is circular.

If \ptin{searchMode=1}, the \ptcom{Search Backwards} command
will proceed forward to the end  of the  file,
that  is,  backwards  from  the  default  search
direction.

\section{Replacing One String with Another}

\subsection{Replace}

The replace command is related to the search command in that a string is
searched for and, when found, replaced.
Invoke replace from the \menu{EDITING} menu or  with \key{Alt-r}.
\Point\ first asks you for the string to be searched
for, and then for the string with which it is to be replaced.  Next, you
are asked whether to do the replace from the selection to the end of the
file (globally),  or only  within the selection.  Finally, you are asked
whether you  want to  verify each replacement.
If you answer '\ptin{y}' (yes),
you will  be asked  each time  the string  is found  whether you want it
replaced or not.

The replace  search is affected by \option{ignoreCase}
and \option{searchMode} in the same was search is.

\subsection{Yes or no questions}

When asking  a yes  or no question,
\Point\ will provide  either '\ptin{y}' (yes)
or '\ptin{n}'  (no) as  a default  answer.
You can accept the default with the
\key{Enter} key,  or use  '\ptin{y}', '\ptin{Y}',  '\ptin{n}', or  '\ptin{N}'
as  an answer  (no \key{Enter}  is required).

\subsection{Responding with the mouse}

You can  also use  the mouse  to answer  yes or  no questions.  The left
mouse button  is yes and the right mouse button is no.  The mouse cursor
must be  on the bottom line of the screen, however, if the mouse buttons
are to  be accepted as yes or no answers.  This is to avoid answering by
mistake.

\section{Other Options}

\Point\ has a number of other options available.

\subsection{\option{AutoIndent}, \option{overType}, and \option{tabWidth}}
\label{overType}

These options are in the second \menu{EDIT} menu.\footnote{
To get to the second \menu{EDIT} menu, select the \menu{EDIT} menu
on the top line and release the left mouse button on the ``Second
EDIT Menu'' choice.}
The \option{autoIndent}  option causes  a new  line to  be indented by the same
amount  as  the  previous  line.    The  \option{overType}  option  causes  new
characters to  replace the  first character  of the  selection (and  the
selection is  moved one  character to the right).  The \option{tabWidth} option
determines how many characters are between tab stops.

Try each of these options.

\subsection{Setting window colors}

The most  fun-to-use option  (assuming you  have a color monitor) is the
``colors'' option.   This  allows you  to set  the  colors  for  the  five
different  parts   of  a   window,  as   well  as  the  message  colors,
interactively.     For  monochrome  displays,  you  can  set  the  video
attributes (normal, reverse video, blinking, and intense).
The option is on the second \menu{WINDOWS} menu
(accessible from the \menu{WINDOWS} menu).

\subsection{Color codes}

The current  color values  shown on  the second \menu{WINDOWS}
menu use the hex color
codes of  the PC.   These  values can  be used  to  set  colors  in  the
initialization file  (\ff{pt.ini}) for  \Point.
Ignore them for now.
(They are explained in the \Point\ Reference Manual.)

\subsection{Window colors}

When you  select the  ``colors'' option, you get a screen with three major
sections.

\subsection{Screen parts}

In the  top section,  you can select the part of the screen in which you
want to  change the  color.   Select a part by clicking on its name with
the left mouse button.  The possible values are:

\begin{description}
	\item{{\bf Text}}  The color of normal text in the window.
	\item{{\bf Selection}}  The color of selected text.
	\item{{\bf Banner}}  The color of the top line of the window.
	\item{{\bf Border}}  The color of the other three borders of the window.
	\item{{\bf Elevator}}  The color of the elevator on the left border.
	\item{{\bf Info Msgs}}  The color of informational and status messages.
	\item{{\bf User Input}}  The color of text you input to prompts as well
		as a few error messages  and  parts  of  the  New/Load
		file  selection screen.
	\item{{\bf Error Msgs}}   The  color of  error messages  and the
		free-space-low warning.
	\item{{\bf Top Line}}  The color of the top line of the screen.
	\item{{\bf Exit}}  Leave the color choosing mode and go back to editing.
\end{description}

\subsection{Color selection}

The next section of the screen is a menu of all possible combinations of
foreground and background colors.  You select one by clicking on it with
the left mouse button.  This changes the color of the part of the screen
selected in the top section (as described above).

The menu  just above  the color  selection controls two things:  whether
you see  the normal PC color set or the alternate color set, and whether
the alternate  color set is blinking or has a bright background.  If you
change the  blinking/bright background  setting it  will remain  changed
when you exit \Point\ since it resets the hardware.

\subsection{Sample window}

The lower part of the screen is a sample window which changes to reflect
the color  changes you have made.  It also contains samples of the three
message colors  and the  top line  color.  This allows you to experiment
and find the best looking combination.

Each file window can have different \option{textColors}
and \option{borderColors}, but
the message colors apply generally.

Now try  color selection.   You will find it easy to use and fun to play
with.

\subsection{The color options}

There are  three options  that control  the color or video attributes of
the displayed  characters:  The \option{textColors} option determines the color
of text  and selected  text.   The \option{borderColors}  option determines the
color of the top line of the window, the borders, and the elevator.  The
\option{msgColors} option  determines the  color of  the messages (three types)
and the  top line  of menu  names and \Point\ commands.  Later we will see
how you can specify several window color schemes in \ff{pt.ini}.
     
\chapter{Editing With Several Windows}

\section{Creating a New Window}

\subsection{Multiple windows}

So far  we have used only one window.  Part of the power of \Point\ is its
ability to  handle up  to 20\footnote{Up to 256 with DOS 3.x.}
windows simultaneously.
It is not possible
to have usable portions of many windows on the PC screen at one time, so
\Point\ is  set up  to make it easy and quick to switch windows around and
configure them  exactly the  way you want on the screen.  First, we will
look at creating a new window.

\subsection{ Specifying position of the window}

Choose the \menu{New Window} command with \menu{open} on the top line,
from the \menu{WINDOWS} menu,  or with \key{Alt-n}.
You will get a message asking you to show
\Point\ where  you want  the window  located on the screen.  First it asks
for the  upper left  corner and  then for the lower right corner.  Press
(and hold  down) the  left mouse  button where  you want  the upper left
corner.  An elastic window border will follow the mouse cursor until you
release the button at the lower right corner.

\subsection{Default lower right corner}

There is  another option  when \Point\  asks for  the corners  of the  new
window.   If you  click where  you want  the upper  left corner  of  the
window, the lower right corner will default to the lower right corner of
the screen.   You  will probably  find that  you use  this option almost
every time you create a new window.
In fact, the reason the ``open'' is the left-most item on the top line
is so that you can move to the upper left corner of the screen and
double click to create a full screen window.
The first click selects the ``open'' command and the second click
describes a full screen window.

\subsection{Entering the file name to load}

Once you  have chosen  the two  corners, you  are shown  a  screen  that
displays a  selection of  file names  that you  can load  into  the  new
window.   You can  select a  file name  by clicking  on it with the left
mouse button or by typing the file name in yourself.

Which file  names you  are presented with depends on the option variable
\option{filePattern}.   This is  used like  wildcard file  patterns in DOS.
To change the filePattern,
look at the  \menu{PATTERNS} menu at the top of the screen.
You can  put path  names in  the filePattern,  and can  specify  several
different patterns  in \option{filePattern}  by separating  them with  vertical
bars (``$|$'').

To cancel the window create, click on \ptcom{Cancel}.

Files are  usually sorted  on the screen.
The three possible sort modes are:
by file name, by file extension, or unsorted.

If the file names will not fit on one screen you can see the rest of the
names by clicking on \menu{Next page}.

\subsection{Closing a window}

To dispose  of a  window use the \menu{close} command on the top line or from
the \menu{WINDOWS} menu, or use \key{Alt-c}.

\section{Moving Windows on the Screen}

\subsection{Resizing a window}

Once a window is on the screen, it can be  moved around easily.
(Create a new  window to  practice with.)
You  can resize  it with the \ptcom{Resize Window}  command
in  the \menu{WINDOWS}  menu.   This command requests two
opposite corners  of the  window just  as the \ptcom{New Window} command does,
but you can actually specify either of the two opposite pairs of corners
(not just the upper left and lower right corners).

\subsection{Stretching a window}

There is  a faster  way to reposition just one corner of a window.  Move
the mouse  cursor to  any window  corner, and  press (and hold down) the
right mouse  button.   An elastic  border will  follow the  mouse cursor
until you release the button.  The opposite corner stays fixed.  You may
find it  easier to  move a  window by doing this twice than by using the
\ptcom{Resize Window} command.

\subsection{Moving a window}

You can  also move  a window  around the screen by pressing (and holding
down) the right mouse button on the banner line of the window.  A shadow
version of  the window  borders will  follow the mouse until you release
the button.  If you move the shadow window into the edges of the screen,
it will  get smaller  until the  cursor reaches the screen edge.  As you
move the  mouse cursor  back into  the screen,  the shadow  window  will
expand to  its original size.  You will reduce the size of the window if
you release  the right  mouse button  while the shadow window is smaller
than the original window.  If the final size of the window is too small,
the move will be canceled.

\section{Top and Bottom Commands}

\subsection{Overlapped windows}

\Point\ allows  the windows  to overlap  and to  partially (or completely)
obscure other windows.  Think of the windows as sheets of paper that are
placed on  the screen.   The  top window  can be seen completely and the
lower windows may be partly or wholly hidden by windows above them.
You can affect  the order  of the  windows with  the \ptcom{top},
\ptcom{bottom},  and \ptcom{top/bottom} commands.

\subsection{Topping a window}

The \ptcom{top/bottom}  command moves a visible window to the top of the other
windows, but  does not change its position on the screen.  If the window
is already  the top  window, the  \ptcom{top/bottom} command makes it the
bottom window.
You can  \ptcom{top/bottom} a window by clicking the left mouse button
on any corner of the window.

The \ptcom{Bottom  Window} command  affects the  current top  window,  and  is
invoked with \key{Alt-b}.

Pick a  window and  click on a corner.  Try using both of these commands
several times and observe the effects.

\subsection{Menu of files in the windows}

The \menu{TOPLIST}  menu is  a list  of the  files in  each window  from top to
bottom.   If you  select a  file name  from this  menu, the  window that
contains that  file will  be made  the top window.  This is an excellent
way to  see what  files you have in your windows, and to get a window on
top quickly.   It  is especially  useful for  topping windows  that  are
completely hidden by other windows.

The \menu{TOPLIST}  menu is  also available  inside any  window (or outside all
windows) by pressing the middle mouse button.

Try using this feature.

\section{The Active Window}

\subsection{The active window}

Once you  have several  windows on the screen, you (and \Point) will have
to be  able to determine which window your commands will affect.  At all
times, one  of the  windows is  the active  window.   It is  marked by a
double-line border  and a  double line  along the top banner.  The other
windows have  a single-line  border and  use blanks as a fill characters
along the  top banner.  Neither the top window nor the window containing
the selection are necessarily the active window.

\subsection{Selecting the active window}

Make a  window active by clicking anywhere along the top banner with the
left mouse  button.   Topping or  creating a  window also  makes it  the
active window.

Try making  several windows  visible on the screen and change the active
window around.   Each time you make a different window active, press the
\key{PgDn} key and see that it is always the active window that is scrolled.

\section{Searching in Another Window} \label{windowSearch}

You can  select a  string in  one window  and search  for it  in another
window.   After selecting  the string, make the window in which you want
to search  for it the active window, either by topping it or by creating
it with  the \ptcom{New Window} command.   The  search is  initiated with the
\ptcom{Search for Selection} command.  This technique is useful if you want to
see if  a string  in one  file also  occurs in another file.  Using this
approach avoids  retyping and  ensures accuracy since there is no chance
of mistyping the string.

\section{Starting with Multiple File Names}

You may  want to  edit several files at a time (or one after the other).
\Point\ makes  this easy by allowing you to put up to 20 file names on the
command line invoking \Point.  For example:

\begin{verbatim}
     pt chap1.doc chap2.doc appendix.doc
\end{verbatim}

\noindent will start \Point\ with three windows.

You can  also use  the DOS  file name wildcard characters on the command
line.  For example, you could start \Point\ with:

\begin{verbatim}
     pt chap?.doc app*.doc toc.doc
\end{verbatim}

\noindent This allows you to specify at one time
all the files you want to edit,
without having to remember them for later loading of windows.  The usual
mode of  operation is  to edit the top window and bottom it when you are
finished.   This will  bring up  the file  in the next window.  Continue
until all  the files  have been  edited, and  then quit and save all the
files.

\subsection{The initial window configuration}

By default, the windows created will each be full screen windows.  There
are four  command line  options that  change the way the initial windows
are arranged.  These options are:

\begin{itemize}
     \item  \ff{/h\ }  Horizontally split windows
     \item  \ff{/v\ }  Vertically split windows
     \item  \ff{/o\ }  Overlaid windows (the default)
\end{itemize}

Exit \Point\  and try  starting it  (with several file names) with each of
the options.  The options must come before the file names.  For example:

\begin{verbatim}
     pt /v chap1.doc chap2.doc appendix.doc
\end{verbatim}

\noindent Overlaid windows are the default
but this can be changed easily in the \ff{pt.ini} initialization file.
(See chapter 4 of the \Point\ Reference Manual.)
A hyphen  (``-'') can be used instead of a slash (``/'') to mark the options
on the command line. (E.g., \ff{-h}, \ff{-v}, and \ff{-o}.)

\section{Zooming Windows}

You can  zoom a  window to  be full  screen size  with the \ptcom{Zoom Window}
command from the \menu{FILE} menu or with the \key{Alt-z} key.

A second  zoom command  will return the window to its original position.
Zooming is  used when  you want  to look at one window exclusively for a
while and then go back to looking at several windows.

\section{Loading and Saving Files}

To save  the file  being edited, use either the \ptcom{Save File} command from
the \menu{FILE} menu or \key{Alt-s}.
You can load a new file in a window with the
\ptcom{Load File} command from the \menu{WINDOWS} menu or with \key{Alt-l}.
Specify the file name in the same way
you did with the \ptcom{New Window} command.

The \ptcom{Save As...} command
(from the \menu{FILE} menu or with \key{Alt-w}) writes
out the  file in  the active  window to  a file  with a new name of your
choosing.

\subsection{The \menu{SAVE} Message}

When the  \Point\ editing space is getting low,
the message \menu{SAVE} appears in front  of the file name in each window.
When this occurs, you should save one or more of the edited files
to regain the editing space they are using.
The amount of editing space
used does  not depend  on the size of the files being edited, but on the
number of changes you have made since the window was opened.
If you do not save some files, you will
risk losing data when \Point\ runs out of editing space.

\section{Quitting Point}

There are  three variations  on the quit command which determine what is
to be done with files that have been changed but not saved.

\subsection{Ask about unsaved files}

The \ptcom{Quit-Ask About Files} command
(\menu{FILE}  menu, \key{Alt-q},  \key{Alt-F3}, or
\key{Ctrl-F3}) will ask you about each unsaved file in turn.  For each one you
can decide  whether to  save the  edited version, or discard it and keep
the original  version.   If you  press the \key{Esc} key in response to any of
these questions the quit is abandoned and you are returned to \Point.

\subsection{Save unsaved files}

The \ptcom{Quit-Save  files} command
(\menu{FILE} menu, `quit\&save'' on thr top line
and \key{F3}) will automatically
save all edited and unsaved files and then exit \Point.

\subsection{Forget all changes}

The \ptcom{Quit-Discard Edits} command
(\menu{FILE} menu and \key{Shift-F3}) will exit
\Point\ without  saving  any  edits,  although  it  will  ask  you  for  a
verification if there are any edited and unsaved files.

\section{The \ff{pt.ini} Initialization File}

\subsection{Automatic option initialization}

We have  seen that  several \Point\  options can be changed interactively.
The default  settings of these options are built into \Point, but you can
change them  every time  \Point\ is  loaded by  specifying the default you
prefer in an initialization file called \ff{pt.ini}.

\subsection{Initialization file format}

The \ff{pt.ini} file contains a series of entries each of which is the name
of an  option, followed by an equal sign, and that followed by the value
of the option.

\subsection{Customizing the top line}

The initialization  file is  also used  to determine  which commands are
placed on  the top  line and what name they go by.  In addition, you can
create pop-up  mouse menus  using \ff{pt.ini}.
Chapter  4  of  the  \Point\
Reference Manual is devoted to setting options with the \ff{pt.ini} file.

\section{Executing DOS Commands from Point}

\subsection{Escape to DOS}

You may want to escape to the DOS command interpreter to execute commands.
You can  do this without leaving \Point\
by selecting the \ptcom{DOS Shell} option
of the \menu{OTHERS} menu, or with the \key{Alt-d} key.
This will give  you a  DOS prompt  and you can execute any commands you like.
When you  want to return to \Point, exit the command interpreter with the
\menu{EXIT} command.

\subsection{Command output to a window}

Alternatively you  can type  a DOS  command in  a window, select it, and
choose the \ptcom{Execute Selected Command} command
on the \menu{OTHERS} menu.
The selected command  is executed  and the standard output of the command is
directed to  a new  window, which  is created by \Point\ for this purpose.
The window will appear when the command completes.

\subsection{Command output replacing the selection}

If you select a DOS command in a window and choose the
\ptcom{Execute and Replace} command of the \menu{OTHERS} menu,
the selected command is executed and its standard output replaces
the selection.
A possible use of this is to put the command {\tt DIR} on a line,
select it, and execute the \ptcom{Execute and Replace} command.
This will cause the directory listing to be placed in your file.

     
\chapter{Point Quick Reference Guide}

\section{Function Keys}

\begin{tabular}{|l||p{1.4in}|p{1.4in}|p{1.4in}|} \hline
{\it Key} & {\it Unshifted} & {\it Shifted} & {\it Alted or Ctrled} \\ \hline \hline

\key{F1} & Delete (To Scrap) & Delete (Not To Scrap) &  \\ \hline

\key{F2} & Insert (From Scrap) &  &  \\ \hline

\key{F3} & Quit--Save All Files & Quit--No Saves & Quit--Ask About Saves \\ \hline

\key{F4} & Duplicate Text & Copy to Scrap & Extract text \\ \hline

\key{F5} & Find Selected Keyword & Find Keyword & Find Selected {\sc XTAG} \\ \hline

\key{F6} & Search For Selection & Search For String & Search Backwards \\ \hline

\key{F7} & Go Back To Last Place & Go To Selection & Go To Line Number \\ \hline

\key{F8} & Redo Last Edit & Find Matching Bracket & Find {\sc XTAG} (prompted) \\ \hline

\key{F9} & Undo Last Edit & Undo Multiple & Go To Selected Line Number \\ \hline

\key{F10} & Redraw The Screen & Load File--Selected File Name & New Window--Selected File Name \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

\section{Alt-letter and Other Keys}

\begin{tabbing}

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= xxxxx \kill

{\bf Key}   \> {\bf Command} \\

\key{Alt-a}       \> Insert ASCII character \\
\key{Alt-b}       \> Bottom the active window \\
\key{Alt-c}       \> Close the active window \\
\key{Alt-d}       \> Execute DOS command interpreter \\
\key{Alt-e}       \> Exchange with scrap \\
\key{Alt-g}       \> Goto line number \\
\key{Alt-h}       \> Get help \\
\key{Alt-i}       \> Print debugging information \\
\key{Alt-l}       \> Load a new file into the active window \\
\key{Alt-m}       \> Begin/end recordingkeyboard macro \\
\key{Alt-n}       \> New window -- create a window \\
\key{Alt-o}       \> Toggle insert/overtype mode \\
\key{Alt-p}       \> Play keyboard macro \\
\key{Alt-q}       \> Quit and ask about unsaved files \\
\key{Alt-r}       \> Replace \\
\key{Alt-s}       \> Save file in the active window \\
\key{Alt-t}       \> Toggle 43 line mode (EGA only) \\
\key{Alt-u}       \> Undo \\
\key{Alt-w}       \> Write file with a new name \\
\key{Alt-x}       \> Hide window \\
\key{Alt-z}       \> Zoom the active window \\
\key{PgUp}        \> Scroll up \\
\key{PgDn}        \> Scroll down \\
\key{Ctrl-Pgdn}   \> End of the file \\
\key{Ctrl-PgUp}   \> Beginning of the file \\
\key{Del}         \> Delete the selection to the scrap \\
\key{Ins}         \> Insert from scrap \\
\key{Backspace}   \> Delete the previous character \\
\key{Ctrl-Backspace} \> Delete the previous word \\
\key{Esc}         \> Cancel command \\
\key{Ctrl-Break}  \> Stop the current editor action \\
\key{Home}        \> Move to the first (non-blank) character of the line \\
\key{End}         \> Move to the last character of the line \\
\key{Grey +}      \> Simulate clicking the left mouse button \\
\key{Grey -}      \> Simulate clicking the right mouse button \\
\key{Cursor keys} \> Move the selection \\
\key{Ctrl-left}   \> Move the selection one word (blank-delimited) left \\
\key{Ctrl-right}  \> Move the selection one word (blank-delimited) right
\end{tabbing}

\section{Mouse Command Chart}

\begin{tabular}{|l||p{1.1in}|p{1.1in}|p{1.1in}|} \hline

{\it Cursor Position} & {\it Left Button} & {\it Middle Button} & {\it Right Button} \\ \hline \hline

Outside Window & --------- & {\sc TOPLIST} menu &  --------- \\ \hline

Inside Window & Select text & {\sc TOPLIST} menu & Extend selection \\ \hline

Any Corner & Top/bottom the window & Exchange the two top windows & Stretch window \\ \hline

Top Border & Make the window active & Split the window vertical & Move the window \\ \hline

Right Border & Search backwards & Split the window horizontal & Search for selection \\ \hline

Left Border & Scroll up & Thumb by line & Scroll down \\ \hline

Bottom Border & Scroll left & Thumb by column & Scroll right \\ \hline
\end{tabular}

\end{document}
